{"id":1965,"date":"2022-03-03T22:34:21","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T22:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kenobi.meva.net\/hu-hu\/?p=1965"},"modified":"2022-07-12T14:51:46","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T13:51:46","slug":"a-beton-dacol-az-idovel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kenobi.meva.net\/hu-hu\/a-beton-dacol-az-idovel\/","title":{"rendered":"A beton dacol az id\u0151vel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teherb\u00edr\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge, tart\u00f3ss\u00e1ga \u00e9s rugalmass\u00e1ga a betont sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmazott,
\nk\u00f6zkedvelt \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyagg\u00e1 avatta, amelyet vil\u00e1gszerte sz\u00e1mtalan \u00e9p\u00fclet \u00e9s infrastruktur\u00e1lis
\nprojekt kivitelez\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l alkalmazz\u00e1k. A beton azonban nem csak a k\u00f6zelm\u00falt \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151ipar\u00e1ban
\nj\u00e1tszik meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 szerepet. Ez az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyag m\u00e1r az \u00f3kor \u00f3ta ismert. Az emberis\u00e9g
\nlegr\u00e9gebbi, k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck vil\u00e1gh\u00edr\u0171, \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyeihez is m\u00e1r egyfajta korai betont haszn\u00e1ltak.<\/p>\n

\n

A g\u00edzai piramisok Egyiptomban<\/h4>\n

A betonszer\u0171 anyag felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val k\u00e9sz\u00fclt legkor\u00e1bbi \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00e9 az Egyiptomban i.e. 3000 k\u00f6r\u00fcl \u00e9p\u00fclt g\u00edzai piramisok tartoznak. A hatalmas piramisok kem\u00e9ny munk\u00e1val, egym\u00e1sra rakott \u00f3ri\u00e1si, f\u0151leg agyag- \u00e9s szalmat\u00e9gl\u00e1b\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt blokkokb\u00f3l \u00e9p\u00fcltek. A fug\u00e1kat a mai cementhabarcsra eml\u00e9keztet\u0151, gipszb\u0151l \u00e9s m\u00e9szb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt kever\u00e9kkel t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt\u00e9k ki, amely id\u0151vel megkem\u00e9nyedett.<\/p>\n

\"Oldest-Concrete-Buildings-Pyramids-Of-Egypt\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A r\u00f3mai Colosseum \u00e9s Pantheon Olaszorsz\u00e1gban<\/h4>\n

A R\u00f3mai Birodalom leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet\u00e9r\u0151l volt h\u00edres. A napjainkban is \u00e1ll\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi \u00e9p\u00fcletek k\u00f6z\u00fcl sok a mai
\ncementhez \u00e9s betonhoz nagyon hasonl\u00f3 \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyag felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. A r\u00f3maiak az Olaszorsz\u00e1gban sokfel\u00e9 f\u00f6llelhet\u0151, finom vulk\u00e1ni hamub\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00fagynevezett puccol\u00e1nokb\u00f3l m\u00e9sz \u00e9s v\u00edz hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1val betonszer\u0171 massz\u00e1t kevertek.<\/p>\n

A tart\u00f3falak felh\u00faz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz egyszer\u0171 zsalukat \u00e1ll\u00edtottak fel f\u00e1b\u00f3l, egym\u00e1sra rakott k\u00f6vekb\u0151l vagy t\u00e9gl\u00e1kb\u00f3l, illetve ezek kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l. Ezt egy r\u00e9teg adal\u00e9k vagy apr\u00edtott t\u00e9gla k\u00f6vette. V\u00e9g\u00fcl a form\u00e1ba \u00f6nt\u00f6tt\u00e9k a puccol\u00e1n habarcsot \u00e9s kem\u00e9nyre t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtett\u00e9k. Ezeket a l\u00e9p\u00e9seket addig ism\u00e9telt\u00e9k, am\u00edg a fal vagy a f\u00f6d\u00e9m elk\u00e9sz\u00fclt. \u00c9rdekes megeml\u00edteni, hogy az \u00e9p\u00fclet magasabb r\u00e9szein\u00e9l k\u00f6nnyebb k\u0151t\u00f6rmel\u00e9ket haszn\u00e1ltak a s\u00faly cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l: Lent a stabil
\ntravertin m\u00e9szk\u00f6vet, feljebb pedig a k\u00f6nnyebb tufa- \u00e9s horzsak\u00f6vet \u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k be.<\/p>\n

A beton hossz\u00fa \u00e9lettartam\u00e1ra \u00e9s rugalmas felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1ra kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 p\u00e9lda a Colosseum \u00e9s a Pantheon ma is \u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00e9p\u00fclete. A t\u00edz \u00e9vig tart\u00f3 munk\u00e1val i.u. 80-ban fel\u00e9p\u00fclt Colosseum t\u00e9gla boltozat\u00e1nak fug\u00e1it m\u00e9szk\u0151b\u0151l \u00e9s agyagb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt habarcs t\u00f6lti ki.<\/p>\n

43,4 m-es \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u00e9vel a r\u00f3mai Pantheon felett emelkedik a vil\u00e1g legnagyobb vasalat \u00e9s al\u00e1t\u00e1maszt\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcli massz\u00edv betonkupol\u00e1ja. Az i.u. 126-128-ban, teh\u00e1t 1900 \u00e9ve emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet egykori alkot\u00f3inak m\u00e9g ma is csod\u00e1latra m\u00e9lt\u00f3
\nrekordja.\u00a0 A kupola bels\u0151 feszt\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00e1t els\u0151k\u00e9nt a vasbeton bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel siker\u00fclt jelent\u0151s m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben fel\u00fclm\u00falni.<\/p>\n

\"Concrete-Blog-Pantheon-Rome\"<\/p>\n

\n

Eddystone vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00f3 torony, Cornwall, Nagy-Britannia<\/h4>\n

A korai betonfajt\u00e1kat hi\u00e1ba haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k m\u00e1r az \u00f3korban is, a betonk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s m\u0171v\u00e9szete egy id\u0151re m\u00e9gis feled\u00e9sbe
\nmer\u00fclt. Els\u0151k\u00e9nt a brit \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szm\u00e9rn\u00f6k, John Smeaton k\u00eds\u00e9rletezett az akkoriban rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9szfajt\u00e1kkal a 18. sz\u00e1zad k\u00f6zep\u00e9n. Vizsg\u00e1latai sor\u00e1n k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1st fedezett fel az oltott m\u00e9sz \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e1sv\u00e1nyi anyagok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, amelyek vagy m\u00e1r jelen voltak a m\u00e9szk\u0151ben, vagy hozz\u00e1adagolt\u00e1k, mint a puccol\u00e1nokat. A hidrat\u00e1lt meszet porr\u00e1 t\u00f6rt t\u00e9gl\u00e1val \u00e9s kaviccsal keverte \u00f6ssze \u2013 \u00edgy sz\u00fcletett meg a modern beton \u0151se. Ezt az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyagot el\u0151sz\u00f6r 1759-ben, Anglia d\u00e9l-nyugati partj\u00e1n az Eddystone vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00f3torony \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A Smeaton \u00e1ltal k\u00e9sz\u00edtett oltott m\u00e9sz nagy el\u0151nye abban rejlett, hogy az apr\u00f3 szigeten uralkod\u00f3 magas p\u00e1ratartalom ellen\u00e9re is gyorsan kem\u00e9nyedett. Az angol sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s\u00fa Joseph Aspdin az anyag tov\u00e1bbfejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel 1824-ben fedezte fel a modern portlandcementet, amely az\u00f3ta uralkod\u00f3 szerepet t\u00f6lt be az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151iparban.<\/p>\n

\"Concrete-Blog-Eddystone-Lighthouse\"<\/p>\n

\n

72 rue Charles Michels, St. Denis, Franciaorsz\u00e1g<\/h4>\n

1853-ban egy francia iparm\u00e1gn\u00e1s, Fran\u00e7ois Coignet n\u00e9gyemeletes h\u00e1zat \u00e9p\u00edttetett P\u00e1rizs h\u00edres St. Denis negyed\u00e9ben. Coignet kor\u00e1bban vasalatlan betonb\u00f3l h\u00fazta fel \u00e9p\u00fcleteit, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl sok m\u00e9g ma is \u00e1ll, de a 72 rue Charles
\nMichels utc\u00e1ban m\u00e1r az els\u0151 vasalt betonh\u00e1zat \u00e9p\u00edtette fel. 1998-ban az \u00fcresen \u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00e9p\u00fcletet m\u0171eml\u00e9kk\u00e9 nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtott\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

\"Concrete-Blog-72-Rue-StDenis\"<\/p>\n

Lionel Allorge<\/a>,\u00a0CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alvord Lake Bridge, San Francisco, USA<\/h4>\n

Az USA els\u0151 betonh\u00eddja, az Alvord Lake Bridge San Francisco-ban \u00e1ll. 1889-ben Ernest L. Ransome ac\u00e9lr\u00fad vasalattal tervezte az \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyt – 1906-ban der\u00fclt ki, hogy a befektet\u00e9s meg\u00e9rte: A h\u00edd t\u00fal\u00e9lt egy s\u00falyos f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9st \u00e9s m\u00e9g ma is megcsod\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a Golden Gate Parkban. Ransome saj\u00e1t fejleszt\u00e9s\u0171, szabadalommal v\u00e9dett, n\u00e9gysz\u00f6g keresztmetszet\u0171 vasalattal dolgozott, amelyet hidegen csavar form\u00e1ra sodortak \u00f6ssze \u00e9s az \u00edv als\u00f3 r\u00e9sz\u00e9be fektettek. Az
\nAlvord Lake Bridge feszt\u00e1vja 8,84 m. 1900-ban m\u00e1r t\u00f6bb, mint 30 m feszt\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00fa hidakat is \u00e9p\u00edtettek.<\/p>\n

\"Concrete-Blog-San-Francisco\"<\/p>\n

Pi.1415926535<\/a>,\u00a0CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n

\n

Court Street, Bellefontaine, USA<\/h4>\n

Ohio \u00e1llam Bellefontaine v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban, a patin\u00e1s b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi \u00e9p\u00fclet d\u00e9li oldal\u00e1n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok els\u0151 \u00e9s legr\u00e9gebbi beton\u00fatja. A Court Street 1891-ben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt \u00e9s m\u00e9g ma is haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. B\u00e1r a vil\u00e1g els\u0151, r\u00e9szben ma is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 beton \u00fatburkolata 1865-ben, a sk\u00f3ciai Iverness-ben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, a Court Street f\u0151leg rendk\u00edv\u00fcl nagy szil\u00e1rds\u00e1ga
\nmiatt sz\u00e1m\u00edt kiemelked\u0151 m\u00e9rn\u00f6ki teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nynek. K\u00eds\u00e9rletek igazolt\u00e1k, hogy a burkolat szil\u00e1rds\u00e1ga el\u00e9ri az 55
\nmegapascalt (MPa) \u2013 ez az \u00e9rt\u00e9k l\u00e9nyegesen nagyobb, mint a ma \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan haszn\u00e1lt betonfajt\u00e1k\u00e9.
\n\"Concrete-Blog-Bellefontaine\"<\/p>\n

Ben Turover<\/a>,\u00a0CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n

\n

The Ingalls Building, Cincinnati, USA<\/h4>\n

A vil\u00e1g els\u0151 vasbeton toronyh\u00e1za az 1903-ban \u00e9p\u00fclt Ingalls Building volt. A 16-emeletes \u00e9p\u00fclet 180 l\u00e1b (54 m\u00e9ter) magas, ami az akkori id\u0151kben kiemelked\u0151 \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szei teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nynek sz\u00e1m\u00edtott. Melville E. Ingalls-nak, Massachusetts \u00e1llam egyik k\u00e9pvisel\u0151j\u00e9nek k\u00e9t \u00e9v\u00e9be tellett, am\u00edg a projekt biztons\u00e1g\u00e1r\u00f3l meggy\u0151zte a v\u00e1ros vezet\u0151it, ugyanis az
\naddig legmagasabb vasbeton \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9ny \u00e9pphogy el\u00e9rte a hat emeletet. Ingalls egy angol sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s\u00fa \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151m\u00e9rn\u00f6kre, Ernest Leslie Ransome (l\u00e1sd Alvord Lake Bridge) ismereteire t\u00e1maszkodott, az \u0151 szabadalommal v\u00e9dett vasalat\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lta.<\/p>\n

\"Concrete-Blog-Cincinatti\"<\/p>\n

Warren LeMay from Cincinnati, OH, United States<\/a>, CC0, Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n

\n

Centen\u00e1riumi csarnok Wroclawban, Lengyelorsz\u00e1g<\/h4>\n

A lengyelorsz\u00e1gi Wroclawban vasbetonb\u00f3l \u00e9p\u00fclt 1913-ban a Centen\u00e1riumi csarnok. A 65 m feszt\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00fa vasbeton kupol\u00e1j\u00fa pomp\u00e1s \u00e9p\u00fclet Max Berg \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szm\u00e9rn\u00f6k tervei alapj\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. Az UNESCO 2006-ban a csarnokot felvette a vil\u00e1g\u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9gek k\u00f6z\u00e9. \u00c9vr\u0151l \u00e9vre sz\u00e1mtalan l\u00e1togat\u00f3 tekinti meg, sok sport- \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis rendezv\u00e9nynek ad helyet.<\/p>\n

\n

Tart\u00f3s \u00e9s hossz\u00fa \u00e9lettartam\u00fa<\/h4>\n

A modern betonoz\u00f3 zsaluk feltal\u00e1l\u00e1sa el\u0151tt \u00e9p\u00edtett \u00e9s m\u00e9g ma is megcsod\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00f3- \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori \u00e9p\u00fcletek tan\u00faskodnak a beton hossz\u00fa \u00e9lettartam\u00e1r\u00f3l. A k\u00e9rd\u00e9s m\u00e1r nem az, hogy a beton\u00e9p\u00fcletek kib\u00edrj\u00e1k-e a a nagy terhel\u00e9st, hanem sokkal ink\u00e1bb az, hogy t\u00e9nylegesen milyen sok\u00e1ig \u00e1llj\u00e1k a terhel\u00e9st. Az itt bemutatott \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyek egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en bizony\u00edtj\u00e1k: sokkal hosszabb ideig, mint azt az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151mesterek egykor gondolt\u00e1k volna.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teherb\u00edr\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge, tart\u00f3ss\u00e1ga \u00e9s rugalmass\u00e1ga a betont sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmazott, k\u00f6zkedvelt \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyagg\u00e1 avatta, amelyet vil\u00e1gszerte sz\u00e1mtalan \u00e9p\u00fclet \u00e9s infrastruktur\u00e1lis projekt kivitelez\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l alkalmazz\u00e1k. A beton azonban nem csak a k\u00f6zelm\u00falt \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151ipar\u00e1ban j\u00e1tszik meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 szerepet. Ez az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyag m\u00e1r az \u00f3kor \u00f3ta ismert. Az emberis\u00e9g legr\u00e9gebbi, k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck vil\u00e1gh\u00edr\u0171, \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyeihez is m\u00e1r egyfajta korai betont haszn\u00e1ltak. A g\u00edzai […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA beton dacol az id\u0151vel - MEVA Hungary (HU)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Teherb\u00edr\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge, tart\u00f3ss\u00e1ga \u00e9s rugalmass\u00e1ga a betont sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmazott, k\u00f6zkedvelt \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyagg\u00e1 avatta, amelyet vil\u00e1gszerte sz\u00e1mtalan \u00e9p\u00fclet \u00e9s infrastruktur\u00e1lis projekt kivitelez\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l alkalmazz\u00e1k.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kenobi.meva.net\/hu-hu\/a-beton-dacol-az-idovel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A beton dacol az id\u0151vel - 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